G D, Kiran Babu and Shanmugam, V and S D , Ravindranath and Joshi, V P (2007) Comparison of chemical composition and antifungal activity of Curcuma longa L. leaf oils produced by different water distillation techniques. Flavour and frangrance Journal, 22 (3). pp. 191-196. ISSN 0882-5734

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Abstract

Curcuma longa leaves, an unexploited agricultural waste in the hilly terrains of the western Himalayas in India, were exploited to isolate essential oil. The efficiency of vacuum distillation (150 mmHg) over conventional distillation at atmospheric pressure was assessed on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of these leaf oils, known for high monoterpene content and possessing lower boiling points. The oil yields were comparatively lower in vacuum distillation (0.25%) than conventional distillation (0.28%). GC and GC–MS analyses revealed that the vacuum-distilled oil and the conventionally distilled oil contained maximum total monoterpenoids (88.2%) and sesquiterpenoids (45.7%), respectively, followed by ‘residual oil’, produced by redistilling the leaves at atmospheric pressure after vacuum distillation. Further, the ratio of monoterpenoids to sesquiterpenoids in the vacuum-distilled oil was 10 times higher (10.5) than the conventionally distilled oil (1.0). These variations are attributed to the fact that in vacuum distillation, the constituents with lower boiling points are easily distilled off, leaving behind the higher boiling point constituents, which are otherwise extracted in the conventional distillation. In antifungal assays of these essentail oils against the fungal pathogens Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi and Alternaria dianthi, infecting carnations, and F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli and Curvularia trifolii f. sp. gladioli infecting gladioli, the residual oil showed better antifungal activity over other oil samples at each of the tested concentrations. Either the high content of sesquiterpenoids or the combined effect of the composition/ ratio of mono- and sesquiterpenoids might have enhanced the antifungal activities. These studies clearly established the significance of a waste yielding useful products and the usefulness of the modified water distillation methods for producing essential oils with high-quality profiles in terms of chemical composition and antifungal activity, except for oil yields.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Curcuma longa L; Zingiberaceae; vacuum distillation; water distillation; essential oil composition; terpinolene; antifungal; Plains
Subjects:	Chemical Engineering
Divisions:	UNSPECIFIED
Depositing User:	Dr. Aparna Maitra Pati
Date Deposited:	27 Dec 2011 09:43
Last Modified:	07 Feb 2012 11:29
URI:	http://ihbt.csircentral.net/id/eprint/205

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